Transmit filter bypass mode scanning

ABSTRACT

A user equipment (UE) may communicate using different radio access technologies on adjacent frequency bands. The UE may determine that the UE is not receiving wireless signals for a second radio access technology that utilizes a second frequency band adjacent to a first frequency band for a first radio access technology. The UE may place a transmitter of the UE in a filter bypass mode in which a transmit signal bypasses a transmit filter for the first radio access technology in response to determining that the wireless signals for the second radio access technology are not received. The UE may scan, using a receiver for the second radio access technology, while in the filter bypass mode, the second frequency band for a signal for the second radio access technology between scheduled transmissions for the first radio access technology.

CROSS REFERENCES

The present Application for Patent is a Continuation of, and claims thebenefit and priority to, U.S. Pat. Application No. 16/572,245, entitled“TRANSMIT FILTER BYPASS MODE SCANNING,” filed Sep. 16, 2019, which isassigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, andmore particularly, to scanning while in a transmit filter bypass mode.

Introduction

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of suchmultiple-access technologies include code division multiple access(CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency divisionmultiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous codedivision multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standardis 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadbandevolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) tomeet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security,scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT)), and otherrequirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobilebroadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultrareliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR maybe based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists aneed for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvementsmay also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and thetelecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects inorder to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary isnot an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intendedto neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nordelineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is topresent some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium,and apparatuses are provided. For example, a method of wirelesscommunication may include determining that a user equipment (UE) is notreceiving wireless signals for a second radio access technology thatutilizes a second frequency band adjacent to a first frequency band fora first radio access technology. The method may include placing atransmitter of the UE in a filter bypass mode in which a transmit signalbypasses a transmit filter for the first radio access technology inresponse to the determining. The method may include scanning, by areceiver for the second radio access technology, while in the filterbypass mode, the second frequency band for a signal for the second radioaccess technology between scheduled transmissions for the first radioaccess technology.

In an aspect, the scanning includes: transmitting a probe request forthe second radio access technology; and listening for a probe responsebased on the second radio access technology. The probe request may betransmitted when there is no downlink transmission directed to the UE.

In an aspect, the scanning includes: determining that the UE is notscheduled on the first radio access technology during a period of time;and listening for the signal for the second radio access technologyduring the period of time. Determining that the UE is not scheduled onthe first radio access technology during the period of time may includeat least one of receiving a control channel indicating no uplinktransmission for the UE for the period of time or receiving a controlchannel indicating no downlink transmission for the UE for the period oftime. Additionally or alternatively, the method may include receivingone or more discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration parameters forthe first radio access technology, and determining that the UE is notscheduled on the first radio access technology during the period of timemay include detecting a DRX off period based on at least the one or moreDRX configuration parameters. The scanning may further include listeningfor a Wi-Fi beacon during the DRX off period.

In an aspect, the scanning may include: waiting for a configured timeperiod after a previous scan; and scanning at a next opportunityfollowing the configured time period.

In an aspect, the first frequency band is an LTE band 41 at 2496 to 2690MHz and the second frequency band is a Wi-Fi band at 2400 - 2483 MHz.

In another aspect, the first frequency band is a NR band 91 at 4.4 GHzto 5 GHz and the second frequency band is a Wi-Fi band at 5.15 GHz to8.835 GHz.

In an aspect, the UE is configured to satisfy a spectrum emissionrequirement for the first radio access technology while in the filterbypass mode.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus for wirelesscommunication including a memory storing computer executable code and atleast one processor coupled with the memory and configured to executethe code. The at least one processor may be configured to determine thata UE is not receiving wireless signals for a second radio accesstechnology that utilizes a second frequency band adjacent to a firstfrequency band for a first radio access technology. The at least oneprocessor may be configured to place a transmitter of the UE in a filterbypass mode in which a transmit filter is bypassed by a transmit signalfor the first radio access technology in response to the determining.The at least one processor may be configured to scan, by a receiver forthe second radio access technology, while in the filter bypass mode, thesecond frequency band for a signal for the second radio accesstechnology between scheduled transmissions for the first radio accesstechnology.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus for wirelesscommunication. The apparatus may include means for determining that a UEis not receiving wireless signals for a second radio access technologythat utilizes a second frequency band adjacent to a first frequency bandfor a first radio access technology. The apparatus may include means forplacing a transmitter of the UE in a filter bypass mode in which atransmit filter is bypassed by a transmit signal for the first radioaccess technology in response to the determining. The apparatus mayinclude means for scanning, by a receiver for the second radio accesstechnology, while in the filter bypass mode, the second frequency bandfor a signal for the second radio access technology between scheduledtransmissions for the first radio access technology.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing computer executable code. The code whenexecuted by a processor causes the processor to determine that a UE isnot receiving wireless signals for a second radio access technology thatutilizes a second frequency band adjacent to a first frequency band fora first radio access technology. The code when executed by a processorcauses the processor to place a transmitter of the UE in a filter bypassmode in which a transmit signal bypasses a transmit filter for the firstradio access technology in response to the determining. The code whenexecuted by a processor causes the processor to scan, by a receiver forthe second radio access technology, while in the filter bypass mode, thesecond frequency band for a signal for the second radio accesstechnology between scheduled transmissions for the first radio accesstechnology.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or moreaspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims. The following description andthe annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative featuresof the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, ofbut a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspectsmay be employed, and this description is intended to include all suchaspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network.

FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first 5G/NR frame.

FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a5G/NR subframe.

FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second 5G/NR frame.

FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of a UL channels within a5G/NR subframe.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and userequipment (UE) in an access network.

FIG. 4 is a resource diagram of a first set of example frequency bandswhere a transmit filter may be used.

FIG. 5 is another resource diagram a second set of example frequencybands where a transmit filter may be used.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example RF front end for a UE includinga transmit filter bypass.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example RF front end with a signalextractor and a transmit filter bypass.

FIG. 8 is resource diagram of example time domain resources for scanningfor a signal for a second radio access technology.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an example method of wireless communication.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of example components of the UE of FIG. 1.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of example components of the base stationof FIG. 1 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of various configurations and isnot intended to represent the only configurations in which the conceptsdescribed herein may be practiced. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understandingof various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that these concepts may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well known structures and components areshown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

A wireless device may operate using two or more radio accesstechnologies (RATs). Generally, radio frequency (RF) spectrum islicensed such that frequency bands for different RATs do not overlap. RFenergy from one frequency band, however, may leak into an adjacentfrequency band. A wireless device capable of operating on RATs inadjacent frequency bands may experience self-jamming when the RF energyfrom a transmitter of a first RAT on a first frequency band leaks intoan adjacent second frequency band for a second RAT and saturates thereceiver. A wireless device may include a transmit filter that reducesenergy leakage into an adjacent frequency band of the second RAT. Suchtransmit filters, however, may be expensive in terms of insertion lossand power consumption. A wireless device may decrease the additionaltransmit power required to overcome the insertion loss of a transmitfilter by bypassing the transmit filter for the first RAT when thesecond RAT is inactive.

Determining whether the second RAT is inactive may be complicated whenthe transmit filter is disabled. For example, an access point (AP) maybroadcast a beacon to signal the availability of the AP for the secondRAT. When the wireless device is in a filter bypass mode, transmissionsfor the first RAT may jam the receiver for the second RAT from receivingthe beacon. Accordingly, the wireless device may not become aware of theAP and may remain in the filter bypass mode despite the availability ofthe AP for the second RAT.

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides techniques for scanningfor a signal for a second RAT when a wireless device is in a filterbypass mode for the first RAT. The wireless device may take advantage ofa time division duplexing (TDD) frame structure of the first RAT toopportunistically scan for the signal when the wireless device is nottransmitting or receiving on the first frequency band for the first RAT.For instance, the wireless device may actively scan for the second RATusing a probe request during an unscheduled period of the first RAT. Theunscheduled period of the first RAT could be one or more unscheduleddownlink slots, or one or more unscheduled uplink slots. For longeropportunities such as when connected-mode discontinuous reception(C-DRX) is enabled, the wireless device may actively scan using a proberequest, or passively listen for the beacon during the OFF period of anyDRX cycle. Accordingly, the wireless device may detect an AP for thesecond RAT and deactivate the filter bypass mode (e.g., apply the RFfilter).

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methodswill be described in the following detailed description and illustratedin the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits,processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”).These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computersoftware, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements areimplemented as hardware or software depends upon the particularapplication and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or anycombination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” thatincludes one or more processors. Examples of processors includemicroprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs),central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors,systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gatedlogic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardwareconfigured to perform the various functionality described throughoutthis disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system mayexecute software. Software shall be construed broadly to meaninstructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code,programs, subprograms, software components, applications, softwareapplications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects,executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whetherreferred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions describedmay be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded asone or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage mediamay be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise arandom-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic diskstorage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of theaforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other mediumthat can be used to store computer executable code in the form ofinstructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network 100. The wireless communications system(also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes basestations 102, UEs 104, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160, and anothercore network (e.g., a 5G Core (5GC)) 190). The base stations 102 mayinclude macrocells (high power cellular base station) and/or small cells(low power cellular base station). The macrocells include base stations.The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

In an aspect, a UE 104 may include a filter bypass component 140 thatdetermines whether to bypass a transmit filter on a first frequency bandfor a first RAT based on presence of an AP for a second RAT on anadjacent second frequency band. The filter bypass component 140 mayinclude a transmitter 142 that generates a signal for transmission; abypass mode component 144 that bypasses a TX filter 146 when in a filterbypass mode; the TX filter 146 that filters the signal for transmissionwhen not in the filter bypass mode (e.g., in a filtered mode); and ascanning component 148 that opportunistically scans for a signal for thesecond RAT while the bypass mode component 144 is in the bypass mode.The filter bypass component 140 may be coupled with one or more antennas141 that transmit the signal for transmission and/or receive a signalfor the second RAT. The antenna 141 may include one or more antennas,antenna elements, and/or antenna arrays. Accordingly, the scanningcomponent 148 may determine the availability of an AP for the second RATwhile the UE 104 is operating in the filter bypass mode and change tothe filtered mode for communication using the second RAT. By scanningfor the second RAT while in the filter bypass mode, the filter bypasscomponent 140 may allow the UE 104 to stay in the filter bypass mode fora longer duration and save power while still facilitating connection tothe second RAT when an AP is available.

The base stations 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to asEvolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) TerrestrialRadio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 throughbackhaul links 132 (e.g., S1 interface). The backhaul links 132 may bewired or wireless. The base stations 102 configured for 5G NR(collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interfacewith 5GC 190 through backhaul links 184. The backhaul links 184 may bewired or wireless. In addition to other functions, the base stations 102may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of userdata, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection,header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dualconnectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setupand release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS)messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network(RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriberand equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging,positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 maycommunicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC190) with each other over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface). Thebackhaul links 134 may be wired or wireless. In an aspect, one or moreof the base stations 102 may include a scheduling component 198 thatschedules a UE 104 with downlink TDD slots or subframes that may be usedfor scanning for a AP while the UE is in a filter bypass mode.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Eachof the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for arespective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlappinggeographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102' may havea coverage area 110' that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or moremacro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell andmacrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneousnetwork may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which mayprovide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group(CSG). The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and theUEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link)transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL)(also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use multiple-input andmultiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatialmultiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. The communicationlinks may be through one or more carriers. The base stations 102 / UEs104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc.MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to atotal of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in eachdirection. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other.Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL(e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). Thecomponent carriers may include a primary component carrier and one ormore secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may bereferred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carriermay be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device(D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use theDL/UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or moresidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel(PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physicalsidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel(PSCCH). D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2Dcommunications systems, such as for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia,Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi accesspoint (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 viacommunication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. Whencommunicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152 / AP 150may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating inorder to determine whether the channel is available.

The small cell 102’ may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensedfrequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum,the small cell 102’ may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensedfrequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102’,employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage toand/or increase capacity of the access network.

A base station 102, whether a small cell 102’ or a large cell (e.g.,macro base station), may include an eNB, gNodeB (gNB), or another typeof base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in atraditional sub 6 GHz spectrum, in millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies,and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with the UE 104. When thegNB 180 operates in mmW or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 may bereferred to as an mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) ispart of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters.Radio waves in the band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. NearmmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHzand 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications usingthe mmW / near mmW radio frequency band (e.g., 3 GHz - 300 GHz) hasextremely high path loss and a short range. The mmW base station 180 mayutilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremelyhigh path loss and short range.

The base station 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 104 inone or more transmit directions 182’. The UE 104 may receive thebeamformed signal from the base station 180 in one or more receivedirections 182”. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to thebase station 180 in one or more transmit directions. The base station180 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or morereceive directions. The base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beamtraining to determine the best receive and transmit directions for eachof the base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directionsfor the base station 180 may or may not be the same. The transmit andreceive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.

The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, otherMMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast MulticastService (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC)170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be incommunication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 isthe control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 andthe EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connectionmanagement. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferredthrough the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDNGateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation aswell as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 areconnected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include theInternet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS StreamingService, and/or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functionsfor MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serveas an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used toauthorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobilenetwork (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMSGateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN)area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible forsession management (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS relatedcharging information.

The 5GC 190 may include a Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a UserPlane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be in communication with aUnified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is the control node thatprocesses the signaling between the UEs 104 and the 5GC 190. Generally,the AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internetprotocol (IP) packets are transferred through the UPF 195. The UPF 195provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The UPF195 is connected to the IP Services 197. The IP Services 197 may includethe Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PSStreaming Service, and/or other IP services.

The base station may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved NodeB (eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio basestation, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic serviceset (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit reception point(TRP), or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 providesan access point to the EPC 160 or 5GC 190 for a UE 104. Examples of UEs104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiationprotocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), asatellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, avideo device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, agame console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, anelectric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, ahealthcare device, an implant, a sensor/actuator, a display, or anyother similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred toas IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heartmonitor, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, amobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit,a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, awireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriberstation, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, aremote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, orsome other suitable terminology.

Although the following description may be focused on 5G NR, the conceptsdescribed herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE,LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

FIGS. 2A-2D are resource diagrams of example frame structures andchannels that may be used for 5G NR communications by a UE 104 includinga filter bypass component 140. FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating anexample of a first subframe within a 5G/NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is adiagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G/NRsubframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a secondsubframe within a 5G/NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G/NR subframe. The5G/NR frame structure may be FDD in which for a particular set ofsubcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set ofsubcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be TDD in whichfor a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth),subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL andUL. In the examples provided by FIGS. 2A, 2C, the 5G/NR frame structureis assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format28 (with mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for usebetween DL/UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 34 (withmostly UL). While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 34, 28,respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of thevarious available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL,respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, andflexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamicallythrough DL control information (DCI), or semi-statically/staticallythrough radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slotformat indicator (SFI). Note that the description infra applies also toa 5G/NR frame structure that is TDD.

Other wireless communication technologies may have a different framestructure and/or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or moretime slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7,4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on theslot configuration. For slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14symbols, and for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols.The symbols on DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. Thesymbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) ordiscrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (alsoreferred to as single carrier frequency-division multiple access(SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power limited scenarios; limited to a singlestream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based onthe slot configuration and the numerology. For slot configuration 0,different numerologies µ 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots,respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, differentnumerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, persubframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology µ, thereare 14 symbols/slot and 2^(µ) slots/subframe. The subcarrier spacing andsymbol length/duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrierspacing may be equal to 2^(µ) _(*) 15 kHz, where µ is the numerology 0to 5. As such, the numerology µ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz andthe numerology µ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbollength/duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS.2A-2D provide an example of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols perslot and numerology µ=O with 1 slot per subframe. The subcarrier spacingis 15 kHz and symbol duration is approximately 66.7 µs.

A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each timeslot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs(PRBs)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid isdivided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bitscarried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot)signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS)(indicated as R_(x) for one particular configuration, where 100x is theport number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channelstate information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation atthe UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beamrefinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframeof a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCIwithin one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE includingnine RE groups (REGs), each REG including four consecutive REs in anOFDM symbol. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 todetermine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity. Asecondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 ofparticular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine aphysical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Basedon the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identitygroup number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI).Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of theaforementioned DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), whichcarries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped withthe PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS)/PBCH block. TheMIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system framenumber (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries userdata, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH suchas system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as Rfor one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations arepossible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE maytransmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RSfor the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may betransmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCHDM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending onwhether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on theparticular PUCCH format used. Although not shown, the UE may transmitsounding reference signals (SRS). The SRS may be used by a base stationfor channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent schedulingon the UL.

FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframeof a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration.The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as schedulingrequests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrixindicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and HARQ ACK/NACK feedback. ThePUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a bufferstatus report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and/or UCI.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with aUE 350 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 maybe provided to a controller/processor 375. The controller/processor 375implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radioresource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service dataadaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol(PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium accesscontrol (MAC) layer. The controller/processor 375 provides RRC layerfunctionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g.,MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRCconnection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRCconnection release), inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, andmeasurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layerfunctionality associated with header compression / decompression,security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrityverification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionalityassociated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs),error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, andreassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC dataPDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionalityassociated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels,multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing ofMAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correctionthrough HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization. Forexample, in an aspect, the base station 310 may include a schedulingcomponent 198 that schedules downlink subframes or slots for the UE 104to use for scanning for a signal for a second RAT.

The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer,may include error detection on the transport channels, forward errorcorrection (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels,interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels,modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antennaprocessing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signalconstellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binaryphase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK),M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split intoparallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier,multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/orfrequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse FastFourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a timedomain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded toproduce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channelestimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme,as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derivedfrom a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted bythe UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a differentantenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX maymodulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream fortransmission.

At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through itsrespective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers informationmodulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive(RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatialprocessing on the information to recover any spatial streams destinedfor the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350,they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbolstream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream fromthe time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbolstream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on eachsubcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated bydetermining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted bythe base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channelestimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions arethen decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signalsthat were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physicalchannel. The data and control signals are then provided to thecontroller/processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2functionality.

The controller/processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 359provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signalprocessing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 359 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DLtransmission by the base station 310, the controller/processor 359provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information(e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurementreporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression /decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrityprotection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associatedwith the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ,concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentationof RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layerfunctionality associated with mapping between logical channels andtransport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing ofMAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correctionthrough HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used bythe TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulationschemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streamsgenerated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulatean RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a mannersimilar to that described in connection with the receiver function atthe UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respectiveantenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto anRF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

The controller/processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 375provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processingto recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from thecontroller/processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 375 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and thecontroller/processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects inconnection with the filter bypass component 140 of FIG. 1 at the UE 104.

FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 of example frequency bands where the filterbypass component 140 may operate. A Band E 410 may be defined between2320 MHz and 2370 MHz. An LTE band 40 420 may be defined between 2300MHz and 2400 MHz. A Wi-Fi band 430 may be defined between 2400 MHz and2483 MHz. An LTE band 41 440 may be defined between 2496 MHz and 2690MHz. An LTE band 7 may be an FDD band defined between 2500 MHz and 2690MHz and include an up band 450 and a down band 452, while an LTE TDDband 38 460 may be defined in the same range.

In an aspect, a wireless device may operate on the LTE band 41 440 as afirst RAT and operate on the Wi-Fi band 430 as a second RAT. Theseparation between the LTE band 41440 and the Wi-Fi band 430 may allowsome leakage of energy from the LTE band 41 440 into the Wi-Fi band 430.A wireless device that operates in a first RAT such as LTE and a secondRAT such as Wi-Fi may use a filter 470 to protect the Wi-Fi band 430from interference from the adjacent LTE bands. Generally speaking, thefilter 470 may be a low pass filter on the Wi-Fi band 430 (that is,having low pass filter response over frequency within the Wi-Fi band430), which filters out interference from transmissions on the adjacentLTE bands. In particular, such a low pass filter may be implemented as anotch or band rejection filter with respect to the Wi-Fi band 430. Thefilter 470 may be a transmit filter that has a steep filter requirementto protect the Wi-Fi band 430. For example, the filter 470 may beimplemented as a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter that rejectstransmissions into the Wi-Fi band 430. In other examples, the filter 470may be implemented as a film bulk acoustic wave (FBAR) filter. As such,the filter 470 may be associated with an insertion loss. In someimplementations, the insertion loss associated with the filter 470 maybe approximately 2-3 dB. In an aspect, a wireless device may savesignificant power by bypassing the filter 470 if the Wi-Fi band is notbeing used. If the insertions loss is 3 dB, 50% of the transmit power isdissipated in the filter. If the insertion loss is 2 dB, 37% of thetransmit power is dissipated in the filter. The dissipated transmitpower is usually compensated for by a higher transmit power into thefilter, hence increased power consumption, increased temperature, andpossibly reduced reliability. In an aspect, transmissions in the lowerpart of band 41 440 may be most likely to interfere with the Wi-Fi band430, particular those Wi-Fi channels closest to the band 41 440.Transmissions that are further separated in frequency from the victimWi-Fi channels may not require the transmit filter 470.

FIG. 5 illustrates another diagram 500 of example frequency bands wherethe filter bypass component 140 may operate. A 5G NR n79 band 510 may bedefined between 4.4 GHz and 5 GHz. In an aspect, the 5G NR n79 band 510may include an enhanced mobile broadband (EMBB) band 512 and anultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) band 514. A 5 GHz WLAN(e.g., Wi-Fi) band 520 may be defined between 5.15 GHz and 5.835 GHz.Accordingly, a guard band between the 5G NR n79 band 510 and the 5 GHzWLAN band 520 may be 150 MHz.

In an aspect, a wireless device operating on both of the 5G NR n79 band510 and the 5 GHz WLAN band 520 may utilize a transmit filter 540 toprotect the 5 GHz WLAN band 520. Similar to the filter 470 discussedabove, the filter 540 may have steep filter requirements that result inan insertion loss.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example RF front end 600 includingswitches 640, 660 for bypassing a filter 650. The example RF front end600 may include an envelope tracker (ET) 610, a power amplifier (PA)620, a matching network 630, a first switch 640, the filter 650, and asecond switch 660. The ET 610 may continuously adjust the power supplyvoltage applied to the PA 620. The matching network 630 may match animpedance between the PA 620 and the antenna 141.

The first switch 640 and the second switch 660 may receive a signal fromthe bypass mode component 144 indicating whether to operate in afiltered mode or a filter bypass mode. When in the filtered mode, thefirst switch 640 may provide the transmit signal to the filter 650, andthe second switch 660 may receive the filtered signal from the filter650. When in the filter bypass mode (as illustrated), the first switch640 may be connected to the second switch 660 such that the transmitsignal is not filtered. The second switch 660 may provide the transmitsignal to the antenna 141.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of another example RF front end 700 includinga signal extractor 730. The signal extractor 730 may be a combination offilters that are applied to multiple bands to isolate a particularsignal. For example, the signal extractor 730 may include a first filter732 that filters a first band and a second filter that filters a secondband based on the results of the first filter. For instance, in the caseof a transmission from an LTE band interfering with reception of a Wi-Fisignal, in a filtered mode, the first filter 732 may filter the transmitsignal to reduce leakage to the Wi-Fi band. The second filter 734 mayfilter the received signal based on the results of the first filter 732to extract a received Wi-Fi signal. In an aspect, when in a filterbypass mode, one or both of the first filter 732 and the second filter734 may be bypassed. The bypass mode component 144 may generate a firstswitch control signal and a second switch control signal. For instance,the first switch 710 may be controlled by the first switch controlsignal to bypass the first filter 732, but the second switch 720 may becontrolled by the second switch control signal to route the receivedsignal to the second filter 734. Alternatively, the filter bypass modemay bypass the signal extractor 730.

FIG. 8 is a resource diagram 800 illustrating time domain resourcesutilized for opportunistic scanning for a second RAT. For example, thefirst RAT may be LTE with TDD. Each 10 ms frame 802 may include 10subframes with a direction indicated by a TDD configuration. PDCCH indownlink subframes provide downlink and/or uplink grants to the UE. Forexample, a PDCCH may be carried in the first subframe 810 in thedownlink direction and indicate whether the UE 104 is to transmit inuplink subframes. A downlink grant may be carried in PDCCH of eachdownlink subframe (i.e., subframes 5,6,7,8, and 9). A special subframe820 may include pilot signals for both uplink and downlink. In anaspect, a probe request opportunity 830 may occur in the uplinksubframes (i.e., subframes 2, 3, and 4) of a frame where there is nodownlink transmission to the UE. Accordingly, the UE 104 may transmitthe probe request on the frequency band for the second RAT withoutinterfering the receiver of the first RAT. The subsequent downlinksubframes (i.e., subframes 5,6,7,8, 9, and 0) may be a probe responseopportunity 832 for attempting to receive the probe response. Because ofthe TDD configuration, when the UE is not scheduled to receive in adownlink subframe, there is no uplink transmission either. Accordingly,even though the UE may be operating in a filter bypass mode, the Wi-Fireceiver will not be jammed because no uplink signal is beingtransmitted. Therefore, the UE 104 may transmit a probe request andlisten for a probe response during the remaining portion of the frame802.

In another aspect, the UE 104 may be configured with connected modediscontinuous reception (C-DRX). C-DRX may configure a DRX off period840 during which the UE 104 may not be scheduled for a downlinktransmission nor an uplink transmission. A DRX off period 840 may berelatively longer than the downlink subframes of a frame 802.Accordingly, the UE 104 may utilize the DRX off period 840 as a proberequest opportunity 830 and a probe response opportunity 832, or mayscan for a periodic Wi-Fi beacon during the DRX off period 840. TheC-DRX parameters may be configured to UE 104 by a base station 102 via aradio resource control (RRC) signaling. The parameters may include a DRXcycle 860, DRX active time 850 or on-duration, and inactivity timeramong others. The UE may start the DRX off period 840 and go to sleepupon expiry of the inactivity timer.

In an aspect, similar probe opportunities may be available when thefirst RAT is 5G NR. Due to the slot formats for 5G NR TDD being able tochange the direction of transmission at a symbol level, a base station180 may include a scheduling component 198 that schedules the UE 104with a slot format that provides a probe opportunity.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method 900 of wireless communication. Themethod 900 may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, which may includethe memory 360 and which may be the entire UE 104 or a component of theUE 104 such as the filter bypass component 140, TX processor 368, the RXprocessor 356, and/or the controller/processor 359).

At block 905, the method 900 may optionally include receiving one ormore DRX configuration parameters for the first radio access technology.In an aspect, for example, the UE 104, the processor 1012, the RXprocessor 356, and/or the controller/processor 359 may execute thefilter bypass component 140 and/or the scanning component 148 to receiveone or more DRX configuration parameters for the first radio accesstechnology.

At block 910, the method 900 may include determining that a UE is notreceiving wireless signals for a second radio access technology thatutilizes a second frequency band adjacent to a first frequency band fora first radio access technology. In an aspect, for example, the UE 104,the processor 1012, the RX processor 356, and/or thecontroller/processor 359 may execute the filter bypass component 140and/or the scanning component 148 to determine that the UE 104 is notreceiving wireless signals for a second RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi) that utilizesa second frequency band (e.g., band 430 or band 520) adjacent to a firstfrequency band (e.g., band 440 or band 510) for a first RAT (e.g., LTEor 5G NR). For instance, if the scanning component 148 does not receivea Wi-Fi beacon for a threshold amount of time (e.g., 5 seconds), thescanning component 148 may determine that the UE 104 is not receivingwireless signals for the second RAT. Accordingly, the UE 104, theprocessor 1012, the RX processor 356, and/or the controller/processor359 executing the filter bypass component 140 and/or the scanningcomponent 148 may provide means for determining that the UE is notreceiving wireless signals for a second radio access technology thatutilizes a second frequency band adjacent to a first frequency band fora first radio access technology.

At block 920, the method 900 may include placing a transmitter of the UEin a filter bypass mode in which a transmit signal bypasses a transmitfilter for the first radio access technology in response to thedetermining. In an aspect, for example, the UE 104, the processor 1012,the TX processor 368, and/or the controller/processor 359 may executethe filter bypass component 140 and/or the bypass mode component 144 toplace a transmitter of the UE 104 in a filter bypass mode in which atransmit signal bypasses the transmit filter (e.g., TX filter 146,filter 650, or signal extractor 730) for the first RAT in response tothe determining in block 910. The transmitter of the UE 104 may includean RF front end such as the RF front end 600 or the RF front end 700.For instance, as illustrated in FIG. 6 , the bypass mode component 144may control the first switch 640 and the second switch 660 to place theRF front end 600 in the filter bypass mode. As another example, asillustrated in FIG. 7 , the bypass mode component 144 may generate thefirst switch control signal and the second switch control signal tocontrol the first switch 710 and the second switch 720 to place the RFfront end 700 in the filter bypass mode. In the filter bypass mode, thebypass mode component 144 may control the transmitter 142 to satisfy aspectrum emission requirement for the first radio access technology.Accordingly, the UE 104, the processor 1012, the TX processor 368,and/or the controller/processor 359 executing the filter bypasscomponent 140 and/or the filter mode component 144 may provide means forplacing a transmitter of the UE in a filter bypass mode in which atransmit signal bypasses a transmit filter for the first radio accesstechnology in response to the determining.

At block 930, the method 900 may include scanning, by a receiver for thesecond radio access technology, while in the filter bypass mode, thesecond frequency band for a signal for the second radio accesstechnology between scheduled transmissions for the first radio accesstechnology. In an aspect, for example, the UE 104, the processor 1012,the RX processor 356, and/or the controller/processor 359 may executethe filter bypass component 140 and/or the scanning component 148 toscan, by a receiver for the second radio access technology, while in thefilter bypass mode, the second frequency band for a signal for thesecond radio access technology between scheduled transmissions for thefirst radio access technology. Accordingly, the UE 104, the processor1012, the RX processor 356, and/or the controller/processor 359executing the filter bypass component 140 and/or the scanning component148 may provide means for scanning, by a receiver for the second radioaccess technology, while in the filter bypass mode, the second frequencyband for a signal for the second radio access technology betweenscheduled transmissions for the first radio access technology.

For example, at sub-block 932, the block 930 may include waiting for aconfigured time period after a previous scan. In an aspect, for example,the scanning component 148 may be configured to periodically scan forthe signal for the second RAT. In an implementation, the configured timeperiod may be approximately 5 seconds, but other time periods may beselected. However, because the scanning component 148 and/or thereceiver for the second RAT may be jammed by a transmission of the firstRAT, the scanning component 148 may not start scanning immediately atthe expiration of the configured time period. At sub-block 934, theblock 930 may include scanning at a next opportunity following theconfigured time period. For instance, the next opportunity may be aprobe request opportunity 830 or a DRX off period 840.

In an aspect, at sub-block 936, the block 930 may include determiningthat the UE is not scheduled on the first radio access technology duringa period of time. For instance, the UE 104 may receive a PDCCH in thesubframe 810 indicating that the UE 104 is not scheduled duringsubframes 2-4 (e.g., the PDCCH may not include a DCI having a CRCportion scrambled with a RNTI of the UE 104). Accordingly, the scanningcomponent 148 may determine that subframes 2-4 are the probe requestopportunity 830. Additionally, the UE 104 may receive a PDCCH in one ormore of the subframes 5-9 indicating no downlink transmission for theUE. Accordingly, the scanning component 148 may determine that subframes5-9 are the probe response opportunity 832. As another example, thescanning component 148 may determine that the UE 104 is not scheduled onthe first radio access technology during the DRX off period 840 based onat least one or more DRX configuration parameters of a C-DRXconfiguration of the UE 104. That is, the DRX off period 840 may beconfigured via RRC signaling.

At sub-block 938, the block 930 may include transmitting a probe requestfor the second radio access technology. For instance, the scanningcomponent 148 may transmit a Wi-Fi probe request when the second radioaccess technology is Wi-Fi. The Wi-Fi probe request may be a Wi-Fimanagement frame that indicates a specific service set identifier (SSID)or a wildcard SSID of a Wi-Fi AP. The Wi-Fi probe request may includeattributes of the UE 104 to be supported. A Wi-Fi AP (e.g., AP 150) mayrespond to the Wi-Fi probe request with a probe response. At sub-block940, the scanning component 148 may listen for the probe response basedon the second radio access technology. For example, for Wi-Fi, the proberesponse may be another management frame including information about theAP 150 such as SSID, supported rates, and other fields defined by theapplicable IEEE 802.11 standard.

In another aspect, at block 942, the block 930 may include listening fora Wi-Fi beacon during the DRX period. The Wi-Fi beacon may be anothermanagement frame that includes information about the AP 150 similar tothe probe response. Since the Wi-Fi beacon is transmitted periodically,the scanning component 148 may utilize the longer opportunity of the DRXoff period 840 to passively scan for an AP by listening for the Wi-Fibeacon.

At block 950, the method 900 may include placing the transmitter of theUE in a filtered mode in which the transmit filter filters the transmitsignal in response to detecting the signal for the second radio accesstechnology. In an aspect, for example, the UE 104, the processor 1012,the TX processor 368, and/or the controller/processor 359 may executethe filter bypass component 140 and/or the bypass mode component 144 toplace the transmitter of the UE in the filtered mode in which the TXfilter 146 filters the transmit signal in response to detecting thesignal for the second radio access technology. Accordingly, the UE 104,the processor 1012, the TX processor 368, and/or thecontroller/processor 359 executing the filter bypass component 140and/or the bypass mode component 144 may provide means for placing atransmitter of the UE in the filter bypass mode in which a transmitsignal bypasses a transmit filter for the first radio access technologyin response to the determining.

Referring to FIG. 10 , one example of an implementation of UE 104 mayinclude a variety of components, some of which have already beendescribed above, but including components such as one or more processors1012 and memory 1016 and transceiver 1002 in communication via one ormore buses 1044, which may operate in conjunction with modem 1014, andfilter bypass component 140 to enable one or more of the functionsdescribed herein related to detecting a signal for a second RAT while ina filter bypass mode. Further, the one or more processors 1012, modem1014, memory 1016, transceiver 1002, RF front end 1088 and one or moreantennas 1065 may be configured to support voice and/or data calls(simultaneously or non-simultaneously) in one or more radio accesstechnologies. The antennas 1065 may include one or more antennas,antenna elements, and/or antenna arrays.

In an aspect, the one or more processors 1012 may include a modem 1014that uses one or more modem processors. The various functions related tofilter bypass component 140 may be included in modem 1014 and/orprocessors 1012 and, in an aspect, may be executed by a singleprocessor, while in other aspects, different ones of the functions maybe executed by a combination of two or more different processors. Forexample, in an aspect, the one or more processors 1012 may include anyone or any combination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, ora digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receiverprocessor, or a transceiver processor associated with transceiver 1002.In other aspects, some of the features of the one or more processors1012 and/or modem 1014 associated with filter bypass component 140 maybe performed by transceiver 1002.

Also, memory 1016 may be configured to store data used herein and/orlocal versions of applications 1075, filter bypass component 140 and/orone or more of subcomponents thereof being executed by at least oneprocessor 1012. Memory 1016 may include any type of computer-readablemedium usable by a computer or at least one processor 1012, such asrandom access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magneticdiscs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and anycombination thereof. In an aspect, for example, memory 1016 may be anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores one or morecomputer-executable codes defining filter bypass component 140 and/orone or more of subcomponents thereof, and/or data associated therewith,when UE 104 is operating at least one processor 1012 to execute filterbypass component 140 and/or one or more subcomponents thereof.

Transceiver 1002 may include at least one receiver 1006 and at least onetransmitter 1008. Receiver 1006 may include hardware, firmware, and/orsoftware code executable by a processor for receiving data, the codecomprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g.,computer-readable medium). Receiver 1006 may be, for example, a radiofrequency (RF) receiver. In an aspect, receiver 1006 may receive signalstransmitted by at least one base station 102. Additionally, receiver1006 may process such received signals, and also may obtain measurementsof the signals, such as, but not limited to, Ec/Io, SNR, RSRP, RSSI,etc. Transmitter 1008 may include hardware, firmware, and/or softwarecode executable by a processor for transmitting data, the codecomprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g.,computer-readable medium). A suitable example of transmitter 1008 mayincluding, but is not limited to, an RF transmitter.

Moreover, in an aspect, UE 104 may include RF front end 1088, which mayoperate in communication with one or more antennas 1065 and transceiver1002 for receiving and transmitting radio transmissions, for example,wireless communications transmitted by at least one base station 102 orwireless transmissions transmitted by UE 104. RF front end 1088 may beconnected to one or more antennas 1065 and may include one or morelow-noise amplifiers (LNAs) 1090, one or more switches 1092, one or morepower amplifiers (PAs) 1098, and one or more filters 1096 fortransmitting and receiving RF signals.

In an aspect, LNA 1090 may amplify a received signal at a desired outputlevel. In an aspect, each LNA 1090 may have a specified minimum andmaximum gain values. In an aspect, RF front end 1088 may use one or moreswitches 1092 to select a particular LNA 1090 and its specified gainvalue based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Further, for example, one or more PA(s) 1098 may be used by RF front end1088 to amplify a signal for an RF output at a desired output powerlevel. In an aspect, each PA 1098 may have specified minimum and maximumgain values. In an aspect, RF front end 1088 may use one or moreswitches 1092 to select a particular PA 1098 and its specified gainvalue based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Also, for example, one or more filters 1096 may be used by RF front end1088 to filter a received signal to obtain an input RF signal.Similarly, in an aspect, for example, a respective filter 1096 may beused to filter an output from a respective PA 1098 to produce an outputsignal for transmission. In an aspect, each filter 1096 may be connectedto a specific LNA 1090 and/or PA 1098. In an aspect, RF front end 1088may use one or more switches 1092 to select a transmit or receive pathusing a specified filter 1096, LNA 1090, and/or PA 1098, based on aconfiguration as specified by transceiver 1002 and/or processor 1012.

As such, transceiver 1002 may be configured to transmit and receivewireless signals through one or more antennas 1065 via RF front end1088. In an aspect, transceiver 1002 may be tuned to operate atspecified frequencies such that UE 104 can communicate with, forexample, one or more base stations 102 or one or more cells associatedwith one or more base stations 102. In an aspect, for example, modem1014 may configure transceiver 1002 to operate at a specified frequencyand power level based on the UE configuration of the UE 104 and thecommunication protocol used by modem 1014.

In an aspect, modem 1014 may be a multiband-multimode modem, which canprocess digital data and communicate with transceiver 1002 such that thedigital data is sent and received using transceiver 1002. In an aspect,modem 1014 may be multiband and be configured to support multiplefrequency bands for a specific communications protocol. In an aspect,modem 1014 may be multimode and be configured to support multipleoperating networks and communications protocols. In an aspect, modem1014 may control one or more components of UE 104 (e.g., RF front end1088, transceiver 1002) to enable transmission and/or reception ofsignals from the network based on a specified modem configuration. In anaspect, the modem configuration may be based on the mode of the modemand the frequency band in use. In another aspect, the modemconfiguration may be based on UE configuration information associatedwith UE 104 as provided by the network during cell selection and/or cellreselection.

Referring to FIG. 11 , one example of an implementation of base station102 may include a variety of components, some of which have already beendescribed above, but including components such as one or more processors1112 and memory 1116 and transceiver 1102 in communication via one ormore buses 1154, which may operate in conjunction with modem 1114 andscheduling component 198 to enable one or more of the functionsdescribed herein related to detecting a signal for a second RAT whilebypassing a transmit filter.

The transceiver 1102, receiver 1106, transmitter 1108, one or moreprocessors 1112, memory 1116, applications 1175, buses 1154, RF frontend 1188, LNAs 1190, switches 1192, filters 1196, PAs 1198, and one ormore antennas 1165 may be the same as or similar to the correspondingcomponents of UE 104, as described above, but configured or otherwiseprogrammed for base station operations as opposed to UE operations.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in theprocesses / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of exampleapproaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that thespecific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts maybe rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. Theaccompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in asample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order orhierarchy presented.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the various aspects described herein. Variousmodifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied toother aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to theaspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistentwith the language claims, wherein reference to an element in thesingular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specificallyso stated, but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used hereinto mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspectdescribed herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically statedotherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as“at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least oneof A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or anycombination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and mayinclude multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically,combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B,or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and"A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, Aand B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinationsmay contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structuraland functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspectsdescribed throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to beknown to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporatedherein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims.Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to thepublic regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited inthe claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” andthe like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claimelement is to be construed as a means plus function unless the elementis expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:using a first radio access technology and a second radio accesstechnology, the second radio access technology utilizes a secondfrequency band adjacent to a first frequency band for the first radioaccess technology; receiving one or more time division duplexing (TDD)configuration parameters for the first radio access technology;determining that the UE is not scheduled on the first radio accesstechnology during at least one downlink subframe based on at least theone or more TDD configuration parameters; placing a transmitter of theUE in a filter bypass mode in which a transmit signal bypasses atransmit filter for the first radio access technology in response to thedetermining; and scanning, by a receiver for the second radio accesstechnology, while in the filter bypass mode, the second frequency bandfor a signal for the second radio access technology during the at leastone downlink subframe not scheduled on the first radio accesstechnology.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning comprises:transmitting a probe request for the second radio access technology; andlistening for a probe response based on the second radio accesstechnology.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the probe request istransmitted in an uplink subframe of the UE.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the scanning comprises listening for the signal for the secondradio access technology during the at least one downlink subframe notscheduled on the first radio access technology.
 5. The method of claim1, wherein determining that the UE is not scheduled on the first radioaccess technology during at least one downlink subframe comprisesreceiving a control channel indicating no downlink transmission for theUE for the at least one downlink subframe.
 6. The method of claim 5,wherein the control channel comprises a downlink grant to the UE.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the scanning further comprises listening fora Wi-Fi beacon during the at least one downlink subframe not scheduledon the first radio access technology.
 8. The method of claim 1, whereinthe scanning comprises: waiting for a configured time period after aprevious scan; and scanning at a next opportunity following theconfigured time period.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstfrequency band is an LTE band 41 at 2496 to 2690 MHz and the secondfrequency band is a Wi-Fi band at 2400 - 2483 MHz.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first frequency band is a NR band 91 at 4.4 GHz to5 GHz and the second frequency band is a Wi-Fi band at 5.15 GHz to 8.835GHz.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is configured to satisfya spectrum emission requirement for the first radio access technologywhile in the filter bypass mode.
 12. An apparatus for wirelesscommunication, comprising: a memory storing computer executable code;and at least one processor coupled with the memory and configured toexecute the code to: use a first radio access technology and a secondradio access technology, the second radio access technology utilizes asecond frequency band adjacent to a first frequency band for the firstradio access technology; receive one or more time division duplexing(TDD) configuration parameters for the first radio access technology;determine that the UE is not scheduled on the first radio accesstechnology during at least one downlink subframe based on at least theone or more TDD configuration parameters; place a transmitter of the UEin a filter bypass mode in which a transmit signal bypasses a transmitfilter for the first radio access technology in response to thedetermining; and scan, by a receiver for the second radio accesstechnology, while in the filter bypass mode, the second frequency bandfor a signal for the second radio access technology during the at leastone downlink subframe not scheduled on the first radio accesstechnology.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to: transmit a probe request for the secondradio access technology; and listen for a probe response based on thesecond radio access technology.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, whereinthe probe request is transmitted in an uplink subframe of the UE. 15.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor isconfigured to listen for the signal for the second radio accesstechnology during the at least one downlink subframe not scheduled onthe first radio access technology.
 16. The apparatus of claim 12,wherein the at least one processor configured to determine that the UEis not scheduled on the first radio access technology during at leastone downlink subframe comprises receiving a control channel indicatingno downlink transmission for the UE for the at least one downlinksubframe.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the control channelcomprises a downlink grant to the UE.
 18. The apparatus of claim 12,wherein the at least one processor is configured to listen for a Wi-Fibeacon during the at least one downlink subframe not scheduled on thefirst radio access technology.
 19. The apparatus of claim 12, whereinthe at least one processor is configured to: wait for a configured timeperiod after a previous scan; and scan at a next opportunity followingthe configured time period.
 20. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein thefirst frequency band is an LTE band 41 at 2496 to 2690 MHz and thesecond frequency band is a Wi-Fi band at 2400 - 2483 MHz.
 21. Theapparatus of claim 12, wherein the first frequency band is a NR band 91at 4.4 GHz to 5 GHz and the second frequency band is a Wi-Fi band at5.15 GHz to 8.835 GHz.
 22. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the UE isconfigured to satisfy a spectrum emission requirement for the firstradio access technology while in the filter bypass mode.
 23. Anapparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for using afirst radio access technology and a second radio access technology, thesecond radio access technology utilizes a second frequency band adjacentto a first frequency band for the first radio access technology; meansfor receiving one or more time division duplexing (TDD) configurationparameters for the first radio access technology; means for determiningthat the UE is not scheduled on the first radio access technology duringat least one downlink subframe based on at least the one or more TDDconfiguration parameters; means for placing a transmitter of the UE in afilter bypass mode in which a transmit signal bypasses a transmit filterfor the first radio access technology in response to the determining;and means for scanning, by a receiver for the second radio accesstechnology, while in the filter bypass mode, the second frequency bandfor a signal for the second radio access technology during the at leastone downlink subframe not scheduled on the first radio accesstechnology.
 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the means forscanning is configured to: transmit a probe request for the second radioaccess technology; and listen for a probe response based on the secondradio access technology.
 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein theprobe request is transmitted in an uplink subframe of the UE.
 26. Theapparatus of claim 23, wherein the means for scanning is configured to:determine that the UE is not scheduled on the first radio accesstechnology in at least one downlink subframe; and listen for the signalfor the second radio access technology during the at least one downlinksubframe not scheduled on the first radio technology.
 27. The apparatusof claim 23, wherein the means for scanning is configured to receive acontrol channel indicating no downlink transmission for the UE for atleast one downlink subframe.
 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein thecontrol channel comprises a downlink grant to the UE.
 29. The apparatusof claim 23, wherein the means for scanning is configured to listen fora Wi-Fi beacon during the at least one downlink subframe not schedule onthe first radio access technology.
 30. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing computer executable code, the code whenexecuted by a processor causes the processor to: use a first radioaccess technology and a second radio access technology, the second radioaccess technology utilizes a second frequency band adjacent to a firstfrequency band for the first radio access technology; receive one ormore time division duplexing (TDD) configuration parameters for thefirst radio access technology; determine that the UE is not scheduled onthe first radio access technology during at least one downlink subframebased on at least the one or more TDD configuration parameters; place atransmitter of the UE in a filter bypass mode in which a transmit signalbypasses a transmit filter for the first radio access technology inresponse to the determining; and scan, by a receiver for the secondradio access technology, while in the filter bypass mode, the secondfrequency band for a signal for the second radio access technologyduring the at least one downlink subframe not scheduled on the firstradio access technology.